Coupling model of metallic target ablation-plasma evolution-radiation under nanosecond laser irradiation

A multi-physics coupling model has been developed for pure iron under nanosecond laser irradiation, integrating laser energy deposition, phase transitions, plasma expansion, and spectral radiation. The model successfully simulates plasma shielding, supersonic expansion of ablation products, and the complete evolution of the plasma plume. Comparisons with experimental data and other spectral programs validate the model's accuracy in describing plasma inhomogeneity and radiation transport.